NEWS

Roadtrip na Peloponรฉze
Eva Eskilsson z Mountain Spirit Guidesstrรกvila niekoฤพko tรฝลพdลˆov na peloponรฉzskom polostrove v Grรฉcku a toto je jej report spolu s odporรบฤaniami. "Mojim asi najobฤพรบbenejลกรญm miestom na celkom Peloponรฉze bolo Kiparissi, hlavne kvรดli รบลพasnรฉmu prostrediu. Najkrajลกie lezenie (v sektore Babala wall) je ale skรดr pre tรฝch silnejลกรญch (cesty od 7c vyลกลกie). Nedousa a Lagada boli takisto super ฤo sa ลกportovรฉho lezenia tรฝka, hlavne preto, lebo majรบ viac horskรบ atmosfรฉru, ktorรก je kompletne odliลกnรก od suchรฉho a teplรฉho podnebia pobreลพia Stredozemnรฉho mora (napriek tomu, ลพe sรบ od mora autom cca 30min). Kaลพdรก oblasลฅ je rozdelenรก na niekoฤพko veฤพkรฝch sektorov a celkovo je v nich omnoho viac lezenia, ako som oฤakรกvala (dobrรฉ cesty od 5b aลพ po 8b) a rada by som v kaลพdej z oblastรญ strรกvila omnoho viac ฤasu. Nedousa je svieลพa skalnรก รบลพina s pitnou vodou, lesรญkom a krรกsnym miestom na kempovanie, ale takisto to nie je ฤaleko autom od Kalamaty (keฤลพe hotel by mohol byลฅ v tomto roฤnom obdobรญ dobrรฝm a pohodlnรฝm rieลกenรญm). Lagada je otvorenejลกia a vyลกลกie poloลพenรก, najbliลพลกie vรคฤลกie mesto je Sparta a je obฤพรบbenou oblasลฅou grรฉckych lezcov. Napriek tomu sme na ลพiadnych nenarazili a aj cesty sรบ stรกle neoลกmรฝkanรฉ a relatรญvne bez magnรฉzia (aspoลˆ v novembri tomu tak bolo). Vo Varasove sme vyliezli jednu z dlhลกรญch ciest no vrchol Varasovy (hora vysokรก 900m) a bolo to celkom dobrodruลพstvo. Lezenie v stene je bohuลพiaฤพ naruลกenรฉ asi 300 metrami popoliezania po polici v jednoduchom terรฉne, no aj tak stena ponรบka celkovo 600m lezenia a รบลพasnรบ pohodu nad morom." Aris from Kalymnos plรกnuje na zaฤiatku roka 2017 vydaลฅ sprievodcu "Best of Greece" - To najlepลกie z Grรฉcka.

Jorg Verhoeven zdolรกva vรฝzvy svetovรฉho formรกtu vo viacerรฝch disciplรญnach
V roku 2008 vyhral Jorg Verhoeven Svetovรฝ pohรกr v lezenรญ na obtiaลพnosลฅ a tento rok sa opรคลฅ postavil na pรณdium Svetovรฉho pohรกra v boulderingu (foto: (c) Heiko Wilhelm). Okrem toho spravil prvรฉ opakovanie 25-dฤบลพkovej cesty Dihedral 8b+ v Yosemitoch (foto: (c) Jorg Verhoeven). Skรบs vysvetliลฅ akรฝmi smermi sa tvoje lezenie uberalo za poslednรฉ roky a preฤo tomu tak bolo? "Vลพdy ma to ลฅahalo k rรดznym typom lezenia. Uลพ poฤas prvรฝch rokov, kedy som sรบลฅaลพil vo Svetovom pohรกri som sa obฤas vyskytol v horรกch alebo liezol viacdฤบลพkovรฉ cesty. Poฤas viacerรฝch rokov som sa pomaly presรบval od trรฉningu - ลกportovรฉho lezenia/boulderingu - sรบลฅaลพรญ k dobrodruลพnejลกรญm veciam ako alpskรฉ hrebene, viacdฤบลพkovรฉ lezenie v Alpรกch a v zahraniฤรญ, tradiฤnรฉ lezenie po vlastnom atฤ." Akรฉ mรกลก plรกny na rok 2017 a ฤo hovorรญลก na Olympiรกdu? "V 2017 sa chystรกm na viacerรฉ dobrodruลพnรฉ vรฝjazdy - za tradiฤnรฝm lezenรญm do Anglicka, viacdฤบลพkami do Maroka a moลพno aj na krรกtky vรฝjazd do Yosemitov. Pravdepodobne sa zรบฤastnรญm aj nejakรฝch bouldrovรฝch pretekov, ale bude ich moลพno okolo 5 za celรฝ rok. Olympiรกda je eลกte celkom ฤaleko a popravde, ja uลพ budem prรญliลก starรฝ, aby som sa Hier zรบฤastnil. Dovtedy pravdepodobne ukonฤรญm svoju pretekรกrsku kariรฉru (bolo by naฤase, po nejakรฝch dvadsiatich rokoch) a pravdepodobne budem visieลฅ v nejakej stene niekde v Arktรญde." Ako myslรญลก, ลพe sa lezeckรก scรฉna zmenรญ za 10 rokov a kde vidรญลก samรฉho seba v roku 2026? "Pravdepodobne uvidรญme vรคฤลกรญ odstup medzi sรบลฅaลพnou a outdoorovou scรฉnou. Aby si ostal na ลกpiฤke v jednej disciplรญne, budeลก sa musieลฅ ลกpecializovaลฅ. Samozrejme vลพdy budรบ lezci, ktorรญ sa ลกpecializovaลฅ nebudรบ, tรญ vลกak nebudรบ posรบvaลฅ hranice lezenia. Uลพ teraz v podstate neexistuje lezec, ktorรฝ by mohol posรบvaลฅ limity vo viac ako 1-2 disciplรญnach. Adam je jednรฝm z najlepลกรญch vo viacerรฝch odvetviach (ฤo neznamenรก, ลพe posรบva hranice), ale iba vtedy, keฤ sa na jednu konkrรฉtny typ lezenia zameria na nejakรฝ ฤas. Myslรญm, ลพe je dรดleลพitรฉ uvedomiลฅ sa, ลพe ลกportovci bez ลกpecializรกcie sa vรคฤลกinou nesรบstredia na to byลฅ 'najlepลกรญ z najlepลกรญch'. Teraz mรดลพem hovoriลฅ len za seba, no ja som sa vลพdy sรบstredil na osobnรฉ ciele, ktorรฉ majรบ mรกlo spoloฤnรฉ so skutoฤnรฝm levelom svetovรฉho lezenie a jeho maximom. Naprรญklad, mรดj osobnรฝ cieฤพ je 9b, no ak by som chcel posรบvaลฅ hranice, musel by som preliezลฅ 9c./

Keฤลพe Kombinovanรฉ Olympรญjske preteky sa budรบ konaลฅ poฤas troch dnรญ bolo by najlepลกie vybraลฅ รบฤastnรญkov do Tokya na zรกklade kvalifikaฤnรฝch kรดl, ktorรฉ by boli organizovanรฉ v takom istom formรกte. Na druhรบ stranu by bolo pre organizรกtorov Svetovรฉho pohรกra prakticky nemoลพnรฉ zorganizovaลฅ niekoฤพko takรฝchto trojdลˆovรฝch pretekov v jednom roku. Svetovรฉ a Kontinentรกlne majstrovstvรก sa tomuto konceptu pribliลพujรบ asi najviac, no aj napriek tomu sa na nich zรบฤastลˆujรบ stovky pretekรกrov, ktorรญ sรบลฅaลพia v kvalifikรกcii, semifinรกle a finรกlne, kdeลพto na olympijskรฝch pretekoch uvidรญme len 20 muลพov + 20 ลพien. Takisto by bolo pre sรบลฅaลพiacich aj pre IFSC dรดleลพitรฉ zorganizovaลฅ pred-olympijskรบ "skรบลกku", kde by sa zรกroveลˆ mohol konaลฅ koneฤnรฝ vรฝber 20+20 pretekรกrov, ktorรญ by sa zรบฤastnili pretekov v Tokyu. Takรฉto preteky by sa mohli konaลฅ na zaฤiatku roka 2020 priamo v Tokyu ako Kombinovanรฝ Svetovรฝ pohรกr, kde by sa mohlo zรบฤastniลฅ 50 muลพov a 50 ลพien. Je tu aj moลพnosลฅ, ลพe by tieto preteky rozhodovali len o 6 + 6 najlepลกรญch, ktorรญ nemali ลกancu kvalifikovaลฅ sa na Olympiรกdu v poฤas roka 2019. 8 + 8 pretekรกrov by sa mohlo kvalifikovaลฅ uลพ v 2019 na Kontinentรกlnych majstrovstvรกch, priฤom Eurรณpa a รzia by mohli dostaลฅ extra miesta pre viac pretekรกrov. Zvyลกnรฝch 6 + 6 by sa kvalifikovalo na zรกklade Kombinovanรฉho rebrรญฤka, ktorรฝ uลพ v sรบฤasnosti vedie IFSC. Celkovo by to znamenalo, ลพe sa na Olympiรกdu kvalifikuje 6 + 6 najlepลกรญch spomedzi 50 + 50 sรบลฅaลพiacich v pred-olympijskรฝch pretekoch na zaฤiatku roka 2020, 8 + 8 pretekรกrov z Kontinentรกlnych majstrovstiev a zvyลกok budรบ najvyลกลกie umiestnenรญ pretekรกri v Kombinovanom rebrรญฤku v 2019. ฤŽalลกia moลพnosลฅ organizovania kvalifikaฤnรฝch pretekov pre Olympiรกdu by bola garantovaลฅ miesta trom vรญลฅazom Majstrovstiev sveta v 2018.

V sรบฤasnosti sa v databรกze 8a nachรกdza cez 4.1 miliรณna prelezov oznaฤenรฝch hviezdiฤkou ako peknรฉ ฤi hodnotnรฉ. Prรกve tieto prelezy mรดลพu napomรดcลฅ pri hฤพadanรญ najkrajลกรญch ciest a bouldrov v danej oblasti alebo dokonca na celom svete skrze Inventรกr. Existujรบ tri spรดbosy pouลพรญvania Inventรกra: 1. Priamo na strรกnke - cez odkaz na hornej liลกte a nรกsledne vyhฤพadรกvanie oblastรญ. Potom uลพ staฤรญ len vybraลฅ obtiaลพnosลฅ a uloลพiลฅ ฤi vytlaฤiลฅ Inventรกr. 2. Cez naลกu mobilnรบ strรกnku beta.8a.nu - moลพnosลฅ zvoliลฅ najbliลพลกie oblasti alebo vyhฤพadaลฅ konkrรฉtny rozsah obtiaลพnostรญ pre ลกpecifickรบ oblasลฅ ฤi sektor (napr. od 6c po 7a na Slovensku, oblasลฅ Sรบฤพov, sektor Tabuฤพa). 3. Cez naลกu 8a.nu aplikรกciu - Inventรกr sa dรก jednoducho stiahnuลฅ.

The 8a Olympic format in three steps
Many federations, coaches and top climbers have forwarded different Combined Olympic format suggestions to IFSC, or are about to do it. Some suggestions are just impossible as IFSC has made some promises to IOC; One set of medals, no new disciplines, the best climbers must take part, 20 + 20 climbers, Lead/Boulder/Speed, easy to understand, podium ranked in the final. Here is an easy format schedule to be carried out over three days using the existing IFSC formats. How to qualify in three steps will be presented later. Day 1. Qualification Lead + Qualification Speed Day 2. Qualification Boulder: Calculate Combined Top-8 ranking Day 2. Final Boulder Day 3. Final Speed + Final Lead: Calculate Combined Top-4 ranking Day 3. Duel Semi & Final on a 10 meter long 8a route.

Olympijskรฝ formรกt podฤพa 8a v troch krokoch
Viacerรฉ lezeckรฉ federรกcie, trรฉneri a top lezci podali alebo sa chystajรบ podaลฅ na IFSC svoje nรกvrhy, ako by mal vyzeraลฅ Kombinovanรฝ Olympijskรฝ formรกt. Niektorรฉ z tรฝchto nรกvrhov sa vลกak nebudรบ daลฅ uskutoฤniลฅ, keฤลพe IFSC uลพ mรก istรฉ zรกvรคzky voฤi Medzinรกrodnรฉho olympijskรฉmu vรฝboru (MOV). Sรบ to naprรญklad: Jeden set medailรญ, ลพiadne novรฉ disciplรญny, zรบฤastniลฅ sa mรดลพu len tรญ najlepลกรญ lezci, รบฤasลฅ 20 muลพov a 20 ลพien, Obtiaลพnosลฅ/Boulder/Rรฝchlosลฅ, formรกtu bude jednoduchรฉ porozumieลฅ a vรญลฅazi budรบ vyhlรกsenรญ a zoradenรญ ako pri vลกetkรฝch ostatnรฝch ลกportoch na pรณdiu. Tu je nรกvrh na zorganizovanie pretekov poฤas troch dnรญ, ktorรฉ sรบ na ne vyฤlenenรฉ, zahล•ลˆajรบci uลพ existujรบce zรกvodnรฉ formรกty IFSC. Tรฉma ako sa kvalifikovaลฅ poฤas troch krokov bude rozdiskutovanรก v neskorลกom prรญspevku. Deลˆ 1: Kvalifikรกcia Obtiaลพnosลฅ + Kvalifikรกcia Rรฝchlosลฅ Deลˆ 2: Kvalifikรกcia Boulder: Zoradenie Top-8 pretekรกrov v Kombinovanom formรกte Deลˆ 2: Finรกle Boulder Deลˆ 3: Finรกle Rรฝchlosลฅ + Finรกle Obtiaลพnosลฅ Zoradenie Top-4 pretekรกrov v Kombinovanom formรกte Deลˆ 3. Semifinรกle & Finรกle v ลกtรฝle Duel na 10 metrov dlhej 8a ceste

There are 4.1 million routes in the 8a database and all of them have been added using one of the following options. 1. Click "Add" up to the left and write free text including all details. 2. Click "Add via mobile" with less details. 3. In the search column to the right, start writing the crag name and find your route in the Ticklist. If you have done a popular climb at a popular crag, the fastest way is the option three. If you put up something new or climb unpopular climbs, then the option 1 is the fastest. Later there will also be an option to add routes using option 3 in the mobile responsive site.

One of the biggest changes in the climbing community in the last years is the increased focus on performance training. Adam Ondra started it some years ago and now even Chris Sharma follows the trend. You can read about training and the shortcuts to achieving higher level everywhere. Letting mobile clock structure how much time to climb and rest is the new thing sometimes even for the kids. With this trend for getting stronger it is important to state that Adam Ondra and Chris Sharma did get their best based just on the Lifestyle climbing approach. Now they are successfully adding some Performance Training into their climbing lifestyle. If you instead start with the performance training approach, you may risk injuries and motivation problems when your performance level stops increasing. The easiest way to stay away from these problems is just to start climbing for several years like Ondra and Sharma did and then, when you reach a plateau, you can go for some performance training short cuts. Alternatively, you can continue just "lifestyling" like Graham, Woods and Hukkataival and still continue to progress.

No pressure, just enjoyment - Domen's winning recipe
Domen ล kofic, #2 in the 8a ranking game, has had a slow but steady progress in World Cup rankings, just as he wanted. Suddenly in 2016, the Slovenian 22-year-old won three out of the first four events. (c) Stanko Gruden (Interview with his fiancee Janja Garnbret is coming up). How can you explain the great development in 2016? I seriously have no idea how that happened. I had a lot of trouble with the pain in my lower back at the start of the year and had to avoid certain moves as it was to painful. I also decided to skip bouldering because of it. I was rarely happy with my training, as it was always a half of what I wanted to do. With special exercises and treatments with physio therapist, I was able to recover in time, but I was still seriously doubting my shape before the season kicked off. Somehow I was able to relax and didn't even care about my goals anymore. I came to Chamonix without any expectations, just super thrilled that competitions finally started. I knew that I'll have to fight and risk it all, to make a good result. It was just the opposite situation compared to last year, when I was feeling in the best shape of my life and full of expectations, taking podiums for granted. I then finished 9th on the first two comps and this year I won 3 out of 4. So I guess that played the biggest role, being free of self-made pressure and just enjoy the competition scene no matter what happens. After all this success I couldn't control my expectations anymore and deep down I wanted nothing less than a podium in Paris. Finishing 4th again after Gijon two years ago was a heartbreaker. I admit I lost some motivation and at the same time I didn't want to mess up the overall. The last two comps were mentally the hardest for me. Defending is way harder, than attacking. Luckily, I managed to keep it together to the very end and pulled off something I would call crazy dreams just two years ago. What was the feeling and nervousness about starting the final in front of your home crowd? I have to admit that this was my mentally hardest competition ever. The hardest part was definitely just before semis, where I had to perform perfect to make it to finals. Luckly, I didn't know I had to actually top the route. It got a lot easier, when I knew I got in the finals, but still, it wasn't over yet. When I watched the replay of the stream commentator said, I surely knew I already won the overall before my final climb, but I didn't. I heard Jakob finished fast, but so did all before him. I only saw that Romain wasn't sitting in one of the leader chairs. Jakob was still to sit down on some of them. So it was a nerve wrecking battle to the very end. The route was tough, but when I slipped off in the middle of the route, still with lots of gas in the tank, I thought I surely failed. I got to know that it was enough for second place and that I got the overall from Urban only after I tied off the rope. I can't describe the feeling of the relief and happiness afterwards. What is the next plan, 2017 aim and what about the Olympics? I want to continue with my slow and steady progress and achieve what I still haven't... I'm definitely giving most of my focus on bouldering next season and try myself there to. I would definitely like to find some time for outdoors and finish the unfinished business. The Olympics are still far and we still don't know how they're going to be. The format and how to qualify is still not known. I would definitely like to compete there one day, but only if climbing doesn't change drastically in the process of becoming an Olympic sport. I would seriously have a hard time to decide whether to go or not, if I had to start training speed as we know it today.

V pohode, len si to uลพรญvaลฅ - Domenov recept na vรญลฅazstvo
Domen ล kofic, #2 v rebrรญฤku 8a, mal pomalรฝ, no zato vyrovnanรฝ vzostup v hodnoteniach Svetovรฉho pohรกra, presne tak, ako to plรกnoval. V 2016 sa vลกak karta obrรกtila, keฤ vyhral tri z prvรฝch ลกtyroch kรดl Sveลฅรกku. (c) Stanko Gruden (interview s jeho priateฤพkou Janjou Garnbret bude nasledovaลฅ onedlho). Ako si vysvetฤพujeลก takรฝ parรกdny vรฝvin udalostรญ v roku 2016? "Fakt nemรกm poลˆatia, ako sa to stalo. Na zaฤiatku roka som mal kopu problรฉmov s bolesลฅou v dolnej ฤasti chrbta a musel som sa istรฝm pohybom vyhรฝbaลฅ, aby som si nespรดsoboval zbytoฤnรบ bolesลฅ. Kvรดli tomu som sa rozhodol รบplne vynechaลฅ bouldering. Zriedkakedy som bol so svojรญm trรฉningom spokojnรฝ, keฤลพe som robil tak polovicu z toho, ฤo by som naozaj chcel robiลฅ. Naลกลฅastie som sa stihol vฤas uzdraviลฅ vฤaka lieฤbe a cviฤeniam s fyzioterapeutom, no aj tak som mal pred zaฤatรญm sezรณny vรกลพne obavy ohฤพadom mojej formy. Nejako som sa vลกak dokรกzal uvoฤพniลฅ a vlastne mi ani tak nezรกleลพalo na mojich cieฤพoch. Do Chamonix som priลกiel bez akรฝchkoฤพvek oฤakรกvanรญ, jednoducho som bol rรกd, ลพe koneฤne zaฤala pretekรกrska sezรณna. Vedel som, ลพe ak chcem dosiahnuลฅ dobrรฝ vรฝsledok, budem musieลฅ zabojovaลฅ a risknรบลฅ vลกetko. Bol to presnรฝ opak minulej sezรณny, kedy som sa cรญtil v najlepลกej ลพivotnej forme a plnรฝ oฤakรกvanรญ, a bral som pรณdiovรฉ umiestnenia ako samozrejmรบ vec. Vtedy som v prvรฝch dvoch sรบลฅaลพiach skonฤil deviaty a tento rok som vyhral tri zo ลกtyroch. Myslรญm, ลพe prรกve to bol ten hlavnรฝ dรดvod - oslobodil som sa od tlaku, ktorรฝ som si sรกm vytvรกral a jednoducho som si uลพรญval pretekanie bez ohฤพadu na to, ako to dopadne. Po takรฝchto รบspechoch som vลกak moje oฤakรกvania uลพ nevedel ฤalej drลพaลฅ na uzde a na Majstrovstvรกch sveta v Parรญลพi som neoฤakรกval niฤ menej ako pรณdiovรฝ vรฝsledok. Skonฤiลฅ znovu ลกtvrtรฝ pred Gautierom (pozn.: Gautier Supper) tak ako pred dvoma rokmi bolo pre mลˆa celkom zdrvujรบce. Musรญm priznaลฅ, ลพe som stratil motivรกciu, no na druhรบ stranu som si nechcel pokaziลฅ celkovรฝ vรฝsledok v Svetovom pohรกri. Poslednรฉ dve kolรก boli pre mลˆa najลฅaลพลกie po psychickej strรกnke. Obraลˆovaลฅ si pozรญciu je omnoho ลฅaลพลกie ako atakovaลฅ vรฝsledky. Naลกลฅastie som vลกak bol schopnรฝ si nรกskok udrลพaลฅ a splnil som si tak nieฤo, ฤo by som eลกte pred dvomi rokmi nazval ลกialenรฝm snom." Akรฝ to bol pocit nastรบpiลฅ do poslednรฉho finรกle sezรณny pred tvojim domรกcim publikom v Kranji? Musรญm priznaลฅ, ลพe z psychickรฉho hฤพadiska to boli zatiaฤพ moje najลฅaลพลกie preteky. รšplne najลฅaลพลกie to bolo pred semifinรกle, kedy som vedel, ลพe musรญm zaliezลฅ bezchybne, aby som si zaistil postup do finรกle. Naลกลฅastie som nevedel, ลพe cestu musรญm vlastne topnรบลฅ, aby sa tak stalo. Bolo to jednoduchลกie, keฤ som vedel, ลพe som sa do finรกle dostal, no stรกle nebolo po vลกetkom. Keฤ som si pozeral zรกznam z finรกle, komentรกtor tam povedal, ลพe som uลพ pred nรกstupom na stenu urฤite vedel, ลพe som zรญskal celkovรฝ titul, no nebolo tomu tak. Poฤul som, ลพe Jakob skonฤil rรฝchlo, no takisto aj lezci pred nรญm. Videl som len, ลพe Romain (pozn.: Romain Desgranges) nesedel ani na jednej zo stoliฤiek pre vedรบcich pretekรกrov. Jakob si vtedy mal akurรกt sadnรบลฅ na jednu z nich. Takลพe to bol trhรกk aลพ do konca. Cesta bola ลฅaลพkรก, no keฤ som sa poลกmykol v polovici s tรฝm, ลพe som mal stรกle dosลฅ sily, pomyslel som si, ลพe som to istotne pokazil. Po odviazanรญ som sa od Urbana (pozn.: Urban Primoลพiฤ) dozvedel, ลพe to nakoniec staฤilo na druhรฉ miesto a ลพe som titul zรญskal. Ten pocit รบฤพavy a ลกลฅastia, ktorรฝ nasledoval, sa ani nedรก opรญsaลฅ." Akรฉ mรกลก ฤalลกie plรกny, ako vidรญลก rok 2017 alebo Olympiรกdu? Chcem pokraฤovaลฅ pomaly ale isto ako doteraz a dosiahnuลฅ tie mรฉty, ktorรฉ som si eลกte nesplnil... Do budรบcej sezรณny sa chcem urฤite viac sรบstrediลฅ na bouldering a odskรบลกaลฅ, ฤo v ลˆom dokรกลพem. Takisto by som si rรกd naลกiel ฤas chodiลฅ na skaly a dokonฤiลฅ zaฤatรฉ projekty. Olympiรกda je stรกle dosลฅ ฤaleko a eลกte ani nevieme, ako to celรฉ bude vyzeraลฅ. Formรกt kvalifikรกcie a celรฝch pretekoch zatiaฤพ nie je znรกmy. Urฤite by som sa na Olympiรกde rรกd zรบฤastnil, ale iba vtedy, ak sa dovtedy lezenie ako olympijskรฝ ลกport drasticky nezmenรญ. Bolo by pre mลˆa urฤite ลฅaลพkรฉ rozhodnรบลฅ sa, ฤi sa chcem zรบฤastniลฅ, ak by som mal zaฤaลฅ trรฉnovaลฅ lezenie na rรฝchlosลฅ v takom formรกte, ako je v sรบฤasnosti.